2.7.2.3. Ground Water Remedial Alternative No. 3--Deferred Action

  1. Treatment Options for Ground Water Remedial Alternative No. 3
For the deferred-action remedial alternative, ground water would not be treated until and unless contaminants in concentrations greater than MCLs migrate to a drinking water supply well, such as those operated by the California Water Service Company, located about 2 miles west of LLNL. Under this alternative, treatment would take place at the point of distribution for the affected water-supply system. If contaminants did reach supply wells, probably no sooner than about 200 years, their concentrations would be substantially lower than those currently at LLNL (Thorpe et al., 1990). The ground water would be treated, at a minimum, to conform to the MCLs for each contaminant before it is distributed for human consumption. Selection of an appropriate treatment option would be made at the time that treatment may be necessary because technology and economics may have changed considerably by then. Currently available options are presented below for comparison.

2.7.2.3.1. Treatment Options for Ground Water Remedial Alternative No. 3

Treatment Option 1. GAC Treatment.
Ground water pumped by water-supply wells would pass through GAC beds to remove contaminants.
Treatment Option 2. Air Stripping.
Ground water pumped by water-supply wells would pass through an air stripper. Because only very low concentrations of VOCs may ever occur in water from supply wells (Thorpe et al., 1990), treatment of air emissions would most likely be unnecessary. This treatment option is preferred because concentrations of compounds will be very low and it is the most economical of the treatment options.
Treatment Option 3. UV/Oxidation.
Ground water pumped by water-supply wells would be treated by UV/oxidation. The concentrations of VOCs are expected to be reduced sufficiently so that secondary treatment would be unnecessary.
2.7.2.4. Comparison of Ground Water Treatment Option Costs
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